See preunaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "preen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "pren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "preen"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pirn"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "prēon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Preen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "priem"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "priem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "priem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Pfriem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "pfrieme"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "prjónn"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "prónur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pjone"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pjone"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pjona"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "pryne"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "prjónn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*brewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бръсна",
"3": "",
"4": "to shave"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian бръсна (brăsna, “to shave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "brukti",
"3": "",
"4": "to prod"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian brukti (“to prod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*brew-",
"3": "*brewn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewn-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "briaunà",
"3": "",
"4": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brez",
"3": "",
"4": "belt, girdle"
},
"expansion": "Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from earlier *preuhmô, genitive *preuhnaz, from *bréuk-mō, *bréuk-(m)n-os, from Proto-Indo-European *brewk-, related to Bulgarian бръсна (brăsna, “to shave”), Lithuanian brukti (“to prod”).\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *brewn-, related to Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”), Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "preunaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preuną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "priunis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*preunaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/preunaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knitting needle"
],
"id": "en-preunaz-gem-pro-noun-SILfAjiI",
"links": [
[
"knitting needle",
"knitting needle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pin"
],
"id": "en-preunaz-gem-pro-noun-ZPRqdSah",
"links": [
[
"pin",
"pin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpreu̯.nɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "preunaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Tools"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "preen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "pren"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "preen"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pirn"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "prēon"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Preen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "priem"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "priem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "priem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Pfriem"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "pfrieme"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "prjónn"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "prónur"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pjone"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pjone"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "pjona"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "pryne"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "prjónn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*brewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бръсна",
"3": "",
"4": "to shave"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian бръсна (brăsna, “to shave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "brukti",
"3": "",
"4": "to prod"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian brukti (“to prod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*brew-",
"3": "*brewn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewn-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "briaunà",
"3": "",
"4": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brez",
"3": "",
"4": "belt, girdle"
},
"expansion": "Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from earlier *preuhmô, genitive *preuhnaz, from *bréuk-mō, *bréuk-(m)n-os, from Proto-Indo-European *brewk-, related to Bulgarian бръсна (brăsna, “to shave”), Lithuanian brukti (“to prod”).\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *brewn-, related to Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”), Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "preunaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preuną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "priunis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "*preunaz m",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/preunaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"knitting needle"
],
"links": [
[
"knitting needle",
"knitting needle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pin"
],
"links": [
[
"pin",
"pin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpreu̯.nɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "preunaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for preunaz meaning in All languages combined (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.